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J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2024;13(2): 176-187.
doi: 10.34172/jhp.2024.48284

Scopus ID: 85192254723
  Abstract View: 671
  PDF Download: 409

Review

Epigallocatechin gallate, the primary bioactive component from Camellia sinensis: A review on immunomodulatory effects in autoimmune diseases by balancing the differentiation of Th and Treg cells

Vigha Ilmanafi Arifka 1 ORCID logo, Andayana Puspitasari Gani 2,3 ORCID logo, Retno Murwanti 4,3* ORCID logo

1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
2 Departement of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
3 Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
4 Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author: Retno Murwanti, Email: retno_murwanti@ugm.ac.id

Abstract

Autoimmune disease is a chronic condition that requires treatment with prolonged use of drugs. Consequently, there is a significant occurrence of adverse effects and toxicity associated with the medicine. On the other hand, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the primary bioactive catechin in green tea (Camellia sinensis), has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory properties and exhibit therapeutic effects in autoimmune disorders. Therefore, EGCG can be considered a complementary and alternative medicine to address the limitations of current treatment. Turning to the disease pathology, the balance between helper T-cell (Th) and regulatory T-cell (Treg) differentiation is the crucial aspect that needs to be regulated in order to attain immunological tolerance and suppress the incidence and severity of autoimmune disease. Here, we aim to comprehensively review the immunomodulatory effect of EGCG on the balance of Th/Treg cell differentiation in diverse autoimmune disorders. Scientific databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, were searched using the keywords autoimmune AND (epigallocatechin-3-gallate OR epigallocatechin gallate OR EGCG) AND (Thelper OR Th OR Treg OR CD4). Our review revealed that EGCG has ability to repair the imbalance of Th/Treg cell differentiation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), ulcerative colitis (UC), and autoimmune uveitis (AU) by inhibiting the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells while promoting the differentiation of Th2 and Treg cells, as well as improving the clinical conditions of the tested animals. Hence, it might be inferred that EGCG exhibits considerable promise as a viable complementary and alternative therapeutic option for autoimmune disease.

Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:

This review emphasises the pharmacological effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from Camellia sinensis in ameliorating the imbalance of Th/Treg cell differentiation observed in autoimmune disorders. The efficacy of EGCG in attaining immunological tolerance through this mechanism makes it a promising candidate for the invention of a safe and potent novel medicine. This review not only discusses the benefits of EGCG in autoimmune treatments but also considers the necessity for prospective studies to address the stability issue of EGCG.

Please cite this paper as: Arifka VI, Gani AP, Murwanti R. Epigallocatechin gallate, the primary bioactive component from Camellia sinensis: a review on immunomodulatory effects in autoimmune diseases by balancing the differentiation of Th and Treg cells. J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2024;13(2):176-187. doi: 10.34172/jhp.2024.48284.

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Submitted: 28 Sep 2023
Accepted: 17 Dec 2023
ePublished: 01 Apr 2024
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