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J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2023;12(4): 549-559.
doi: 10.34172/jhp.2023.46056

Scopus ID: 85173715805
  Abstract View: 1535
  PDF Download: 543

Original Article

Antibiofilm and antibacterial activities of lupinifolin in combination with protein synthesis inhibitors against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Parichart Kwaengmuang ORCID logo, Koravich Chaiyawong ORCID logo, Todsapon Warong ORCID logo, Sakulrat Rattanakiat ORCID logo, Pawitra Pulbutr* ORCID logo

1 Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Product Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Thailand, 44150
*Corresponding Author: Pawitra Pulbutr, Email: pawitra.p@msu.ac.th

Abstract

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-derived biofilm formation is a crucial virulence factor, which essentially contributes to therapeutic challenges. This study aims to evaluate the antibiofilm and antibacterial formation activities of lupinifolin, a prenylated flavanone derived from Derris reticulata Craib. stem, in combination with protein synthesis inhibitors.

Methods: The crystal violet biofilm formation assay was performed to determine the biofilm formation activity. The synergistic antibacterial activities were evaluated using the checkerboard and time-kill assays.

Results: Lupinifolin and tetracycline significantly reduced MRSA biofilm formation with IC50 values of 15.32 ± 5.98 and 13.42 ± 5.90 µg/mL, respectively. On the contrary, the individual treatment of streptomycin and clindamycin tended to enhance biofilm formation. Lupinifolin at the sub-MIC of 8 µg/mL in combination with certain sub-MICs of tetracycline (8 and 16 µg/mL), streptomycin (16, 32, and 64 µg/mL), or clindamycin (4, 8, and 16 µg/mL) caused significant inhibitions against MRSA biofilm formation (P<0.05). The combination of lupinifolin and streptomycin exhibited a synergy (FIC index <0.625), confirmed in the time-kill assay. Conversely, the combination of lupinifolin and tetracycline or clindamycin resulted in no interaction (FIC indices of 1.0078 and <1.0156, respectively).

Conclusion: The antibacterial synergy of lupinifolin and streptomycin possibly contributed to their antibiofilm-forming activity. However, the combinations of lupinifolin and tetracycline or clindamycin conceivably executed their antibiofilm activity directly against the MRSA biofilm formation process. These findings indicate a potential role for lupinifolin as an antibiofilm enhancer to diminish MRSA biofilm formation.


Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:

This study provides scientific evidence that the combination of lupinifolin (8 µg/mL) and antibacterial drugs acting as protein synthesis inhibitors, specifically tetracycline, streptomycin, and clindamycin, at their sub-MICs, can significantly inhibit MRSA biofilm formations. These findings suggest the potential use of lupinifolin as an enhancer against MRSA biofilm formation.

Please cite this paper as: Kwaengmuang P, Chaiyawong K, Warong T, Rattanakiat S, Pulbutr P. Antibiofilm and antibacterial activities of lupinifolin in combination with protein synthesis inhibitors against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2023;12(4):549-559. doi: 10.34172/jhp.2023.46056.

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Submitted: 07 Mar 2023
Revision: 02 Jun 2023
Accepted: 10 Jun 2023
ePublished: 10 Aug 2023
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