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J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2025;14(3): 366-374.
doi: 10.34172/jhp.2025.52912
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Original Article

Protective effects of Allium stipitatum Regel. extract against streptozotocin-induced cytotoxicity in pancreatic beta cells: Implications for diabetes management

Musa Moetasam Zorab 1* ORCID logo

1 Department of Physics, College of science, University of Halabja, Kurdistan region, Iraq
*Corresponding Author: Musa Moetasam Zorab, Email: musa.zorab@uoh.edu.iq

Abstract

Introduction: Allium stipitatum is used against diabetes but its protective effects on beta cells remain unclear. This study investigated the cytoprotective and antioxidative effects of A. stipitatum extract in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced beta-cell injury model.

Methods: Allium stipitatum methanol extract was prepared and tested at 10 µg/mL on cultured pancreatic beta cells, alone or in combination with STZ (100 µM). Cell viability (Trypan blue test), insulin secretion (ELISA), nitric oxide (NO) levels (Griess method), and total antioxidant capacity (FRAP assay) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s test (P<0.05).

Results: STZ significantly reduced insulin secretion (From 45.7±0.38 to 21.47 ± 0.78 mU/L) (P<0.05) in STZ group, while A. stipitatum extract increased it to 40.7 ± 0.41 mU/L (P<0.05) in the extract group. Additionally, in all four groups where the extract was applied (extract, extract + STZ (pre-treatment), STZ + extract (post-treatment), and extract – STZ (co-treatment), the extract increased insulin secretion levels. Beta-cell viability declined with STZ (From 33633±1537 to 11500 ± 577 cells) but improved with extract treatment to 26500 ± 1626 (P<0.05). Although the extract did not significantly enhance total antioxidant capacity, it markedly reduced NO levels, particularly in extract + STZ group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Allium stipitatum extract supports beta-cell survival and insulin secretion in STZ-induced pancreatic damage, indicating potential therapeutic applications in diabetes management. Further studies are needed to identify active compounds and optimize its use.



Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:

The methanolic extract of Allium stipitatum showed significant antidiabetic effects in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic models, improving beta-cell function and reducing oxidative stress. It also enhanced insulin secretion and glucose regulation, highlighting its potential as a natural remedy for diabetes mellitus (DM).

Please cite this paper as: Zorab MM. Protective effects of Allium stipitatum Regel. extract against streptozotocin-induced cytotoxicity in pancreatic beta cells: Implications for diabetes management. J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2025;14(3):366-374. doi: 10.34172/jhp.2025.52912.

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Submitted: 12 Jan 2025
Revision: 29 Mar 2025
Accepted: 01 Apr 2025
ePublished: 01 Jul 2025
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