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Review
Extraction, phytochemicals, bioactivities, and toxicity of Syzygium polyanthum: A comprehensive review
Nurlely Nurlely
1,2 
, Aditya Maulana Perdana Putra
2 , Arief Nurrochmad
3 , Sitarina Widyarini
4 , Nanang Fakhrudin
5,6* 1 Doctoral Study Programme of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
2 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, A.Yani Km. 36, Banjarbaru 70714, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
3 Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
4 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No.2 Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
5 Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
6 Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Abstract
Medicinal plants are receiving much attention because they are traditionally used to treat common diseases. Syzygium polyanthum, an important medicinal plant, has been widely used in Southeast Asia, and numerous studies have published its chemical constituents and biological properties. Therefore, this study aimed to present the results of previous studies on extraction methods, chemical contents, and bioactivities of S. polyanthum published between 2011 and 2023. Some solvents have been predominantly used in the extraction of S. polyanthum, such as methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and water. Maceration was the most commonly used method, followed by Soxhlet extraction, hydro-distillation, percolation, decoction, infusion, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and rapid solvent extraction. Furthermore, bioactivities of S. polyanthum, such as antioxidant, antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, and antidementia properties, were reported. However, in the toxicity studies, no toxicity signs were observed after extended administration. Therefore, S. polyanthum might be an alternative natural product in treating some diseases. It also might be the main therapy when appropriate extraction method and solvent are used.
Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:
This review highlighted detailed information regarding the extraction methods, phytochemical constituents, pharmacology, and toxicology of Syzygium polyanthum. This plant might be an alternative for the treatment of inflammation, oxidative stress, hypertension, hyperglycemia, bacterial and fungal infections, cytotoxicity, and dementia.
Please cite this paper as: Nurlely, Putra AMP, Nurrochmad A, Widyarini S, Fakhrudin N. Extraction, phytochemicals, bioactivities, and toxicity of Syzygium polyanthum: A comprehensive review. J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2024;13(3):366-380. doi: 10.34172/jhp.2024.51454.