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J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2024;13(4): 562-571.
doi: 10.34172/jhp.2024.49380
  Abstract View: 65
  PDF Download: 47

Original Article

Phytochemical screening, characterization, and in vitro anti-metastatic effects of the methanolic leaf extract of Momordica cardiospermoides in MDA-MB 321 cells

Mante Dolly Kgakishe 1* ORCID logo, Marole Maria Maluleka 2 ORCID logo, Kgomotso Welheminah Poopedi 1 ORCID logo, Leseilane Mampuru 1 ORCID logo, Bernice Monchusi-Khumalo 1 ORCID logo, Vusi Gordon Mbazima 1 ORCID logo

1 Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, South Africa
2 Department of Chemistry, University of Limpopo, South Africa
*Corresponding Author: Mante Dolly Kgakishe, Email: 201507755@keyaka.ul.ac.za

Abstract

Introduction: Momordica cardiospermoides represents an inexhaustible source of natural products. We examined the acetone and methanolic extracts of M. cardiospermoides leaves’ phytochemical composition, antioxidant activities, and anti-metastatic properties in MDA-MB-231 cells.

Methods: The aluminium chloride and Folin-Ciocalteu methods were employed to determine the extracts’ phytochemical contents. Assessment of antioxidant activities employed the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The extracts were further characterized with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The cell count and viability kit were utilized to assess viability in HEK-293 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The occurrence of cell death was determined by the annexin V and dead cell assay. The methanolic extract was assessed against cell adhesion and migration using the cell-extracellular matrix and wound healing assays. The effects of the methanolic extract on tissue inhibitors, including metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), and -9 (MMP-9) were determined by the human angiogenesis antibody array kit and Western blot analysis.

Results: The acetone extract had higher antioxidant activity and total contents than the methanolic extract. UHPLC revealed abundant luteolin, luteoloside, quercetin, stearidonic acid, and salicylamide in the acetone extract, and luteolin, astragalin, and trigonelline in the methanolic extract. The methanolic extract was selectively cytotoxic towards MDA-MB-231 cells while the acetone extract was significantly cytotoxic in both cell lines. Apoptosis was induced by the methanolic extract and the acetone extract induced significant necrosis. The methanolic extract suppressed migration by significantly inhibiting wound closure and inhibited cell adhesion. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly downregulated and TIMP-1 was upregulated.

Conclusion: The methanolic extract M. cardiospermoides possesses anti-metastatic activity.


Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:

The study gives insight into the phytochemistry of the extracts prepared from the leaves of Momordica cardiospermoides. Additionally, the study provides novel findings on the in vitro anticancer and anti-metastatic potential of M. cardiospermoides extracts in breast MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, which can help in the preparation of new drugs.

Please cite this paper as: Kgakishe MD, Maluleka MM, Poopedi KW, Mampuru L, Monchusi-Khumalo B, Mbazima VG. Phytochemical screening, characterization, and in vitro anti-metastatic effects of the methanolic leaf extract of Momordica cardiospermoides in MDA-MB 321 cells. J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2024;13(4):562-571. doi: 10.34172/jhp.2024.49380.

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Submitted: 24 Nov 2023
Accepted: 23 Jan 2024
ePublished: 01 Oct 2024
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