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J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2022;11(3): 383-388.
doi: 10.34172/jhp.2022.44

Scopus ID: 85135534024
  Abstract View: 1668
  PDF Download: 513

Original Article

Anti-hypercholesterolemic activity of standardized fermented Allium cepa L. var aggregatum extract: In vitro and in vivo studies

Ade Sri Rohani 1 ORCID logo, Yuandani Yuandani 1,2* ORCID logo, Panal Sitorus 3 ORCID logo, Dimas Andrianto 4 ORCID logo, Aminah Dalimunthe 1 ORCID logo

1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
2 Centre of Excellence for Chitosan and Advanced Materials, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
4 Department of Biochemistry, Bogor Agricultural University, West Java, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author: *Corresponding author: Yuandani, Email: , Email: yuandani@usu.ac.id

Abstract

Introduction: Allium cepa extract has been reported to have anti-hypercholesterolemic activity in rats. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of standardized fermented A. cepa L. var aggregatum extract on cholesterol levels and HMG-CoA reductase enzyme.

Methods: The fermented A. cepa extract was standardized by the presence of quercetin using a validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The activity of the extract on HMG-CoA reductase was determined using HMG-CoA Assay kits, then measured by Nano spectrophotometry. In vivo study was conducted in hypercholesterolemic rats. The extract was administered orally at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight (bw) to rats for 21 days and the cholesterol levels were measured every week.

Results: All doses of fermented A. cepa extract and its marker compound, quercetin, ameliorated the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as compared to those of negative control (P<0.05). Of all the doses, fermented A. cepa extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg bw displayed the highest reduction in LDL-C levels. In addition, the extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg bw showed the strongest enhancement in HDL-C levels. The fermented A. cepa extract and quercetin also inhibited the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme with inhibitory activity of 61.78%.

Conclusion: The ethanol extract of fermented A. cepa shows anti-hypercholesterolemic activity. The strong anti-hypercholesterolemic activity of the extract might be due to the high amounts of quercetin, although other constituents may also contribute.


Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: The current study reported the scientific evidence of fermented extract of Allium cepa L. var aggregatum as antihypercholesterolemic agent. The result indicates the potency of the extract to prevent cardiovascular problem. The strong antihypercholesterolemic effect might be due to fermentation method that has increased the amount of quercetin. Hence, the extract might be developed as an effective anti-hypercholesterolemic agent. Please cite this paper as: Rohani AS, Yuandani, Sitorus P, Andrianto D, Dalimunthe A. Anti-hypercholesterolemic activity of standardized fermented Allium cepa L. var aggregatum extract: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2022;11(3):383- 388. doi: 10.34172/jhp.2022.44.
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Submitted: 27 Jan 2022
Revision: 27 Mar 2022
Accepted: 27 Mar 2022
ePublished: 25 Jun 2022
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