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J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2020;9(4): 355-365.
doi: 10.34172/jhp.2020.45

Scopus ID: 85092422200
  Abstract View: 3518
  PDF Download: 1367

Original Article

Permeation enhancement effects of leaf materials from different aloe species on in vitro and ex vivo nasal epithelial models

Werner Gerber 1 ORCID logo, Dewald Steyn 1 ORCID logo, Awie Kotzé 1 ORCID logo, Hanna Svitina 1 ORCID logo, Ché Weldon 2 ORCID logo, Josias Hamman 1* ORCID logo

1 Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
2 Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
*Corresponding Author: *Corresponding author: Josias Hamman, Email: , Email: sias.hamman@nwu.ac.za

Abstract

Introduction: The nasal route of drug administration offers an alternative way for oral drug delivery and has the benefit of avoiding first-pass metabolism through drug delivery directly into the systemic circulation. The drug absorption enhancing effects of selected aloe leaf materials have been shown across various delivery routes, but their efficacies in this regard across nasal epithelia have not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of gel and whole leaf extract materials from three selected aloe species (Aloe vera, Aloe ferox and Aloe muth-muth) on FITC-dextran 4400 permeation across two nasal epithelial models.

Methods: Permeation of FITC-dextran 4400 and histological studies were conducted on both RPMI 2650 cell layers and excised sheep nasal mucosa, while toxicity studies were conducted using a neutral red assay on the RPMI 2650 cell model.

Results: Significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values of FITC-dextran 4400 in the presence of the aloe materials as compared to the control were found with all three aloe species at the highest concentrations (1.5% and 3% w/v) in the RPMI 2650 cell line, while only Aloe muth-muth at the highest concentration exhibited significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher Papp values across the excised tissue model. Histological and neutral red analysis showed that Aloe vera materials exhibited detrimental effects, Aloe muth-muth only showed slight effects on cell viability and Aloe ferox exhibited no effect on the nasal epithelium.

Conclusion: This in vitro study showed for the first time the potential of Aloe ferox and Aloe muth-muth leaf materials to enhance nasal drug delivery without causing damaging effects on the epithelium, while Aloe vera enhanced nasal drug delivery with detrimental effects as determined by means of cytotoxicity assays and histological analysis.


Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:

The gel and whole leaf extract materials of Aloe vera, A. ferox and A. muth-muth are able to increase the permeation of FITCdextran 4400 across the nasal epithelium to different extents and may potentially be used as drug absorption enhancing agents to increase systemic delivery of large molecular weight compounds by the nasal route of drug administration.

Please cite this paper as: Gerber W, Steyn JD, Kotzé AF, Svitina H, Weldon C, Hamman JH. Permeation enhancement effects of leaf materials from different aloe species on in vitro and ex vivo nasal epithelial models. J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2020;9(4):355- 365. doi: 10.34172/jhp.2020.45.

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Submitted: 06 Nov 2019
Accepted: 01 Apr 2020
ePublished: 01 Jul 2020
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